Npj Comput. Mater.: 自由電子金屬—原來可以這樣做電子關(guān)聯(lián)!
Npj Comput. Mater.: 自由電子金屬—原來可以這樣做電子關(guān)聯(lián)!
根據(jù)電子間相互作用的強(qiáng)弱,材料通??梢员环譃槿蹶P(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和強(qiáng)關(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng)。局域密度近似下的密度泛函理論(DFT),通過電子密度將晶體內(nèi)空間中的點(diǎn)映射為均勻電子氣問題,對弱關(guān)聯(lián)材料的定性描述相當(dāng)成功。然而,傳統(tǒng)DFT是一種基態(tài)理論,對中等強(qiáng)度關(guān)聯(lián)材料激發(fā)態(tài)特性的描述也存在困難。另一方面,在過去的幾十年里,人們一直在努力開發(fā)微擾、隨機(jī)或雜化泛函等方法來理解強(qiáng)關(guān)聯(lián)和激發(fā)態(tài)特性。meta-GGAs、雜化泛函、GW近似和DFT+?動(dòng)態(tài)平均場理論(DMFT)等被統(tǒng)稱為“beyond-DFT”的方法,且在理解固體材料方面得到廣泛應(yīng)用。Beyond-DFT通常應(yīng)用于開殼d電子系統(tǒng),可以對DFT的進(jìn)行定性校正,但人們對這些方法在中等強(qiáng)度關(guān)聯(lián)固體上的適用性知之甚少。特別是DFT?+?eDMFT方法,在描述局域d和f電子系統(tǒng)的電子結(jié)構(gòu)方面廣受歡迎,但其主要應(yīng)用于強(qiáng)關(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng),對弱耦合極限方面的擴(kuò)展很少討論。類似地,meta-GGAs、雜化泛函和GW等方法也主要應(yīng)用于具有強(qiáng)或中等相互作用的絕緣材料,但尚不清楚這些方法是否可以同樣成功應(yīng)用于弱關(guān)聯(lián)或中等關(guān)聯(lián)得金屬系統(tǒng)中。
來自西弗吉尼亞大學(xué)的Subhasish Mandal等人,通過第一性原理計(jì)算,使用DFT和多種beyond-DFT方法,包括meta-GGA、G0W0、雜化泛函(YS-PBE0、B3LYP)和LDA?+?eDMFT等,系統(tǒng)地研究了堿金屬和堿土金屬的電子結(jié)構(gòu),解決了關(guān)于此類系統(tǒng)占據(jù)帶寬的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)之間的分歧,展示了它們?nèi)绾我蕾囉诰钟蚝头蔷钟蚪粨Q和關(guān)聯(lián)性的影響。研究表明,與LDA相比,雜化泛函中所包含的靜態(tài)非局域交換顯著增加了帶寬,而G0W0的能帶僅比LDA略窄。當(dāng)在LDA?+?eDMFT方法中使用自能的局域近似時(shí),與ARPES的一致性最好。該工作評估了應(yīng)用于給定類別材料的各種第一性原理方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),為相關(guān)系統(tǒng)的未來計(jì)算提供了指南。
021yin.com/articles/s41524-022-00867-8
Electronic correlation in nearly free electron metals with beyond-DFT methods
Subhasish Mandal, Kristjan Haule, Karin M. Rabe David Vanderbilt
For more than three decades, nearly free-electron elemental metals have been a topic of debate because the computed bandwidths are significantly wider in the local density approximation to density-functional theory (DFT) than indicated by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments. Here, we systematically investigate this using first principles calculations for alkali and alkaline-earth metals using DFT and various beyond-DFT methods such as meta-GGA, G0W0, hybrid functionals (YS-PBE0, B3LYP), and LDA?+?eDMFT. We find that the static non-local exchange, as partly included in the hybrid functionals, significantly increase the bandwidths even compared to LDA, while the G0W0 bands are only slightly narrower than in LDA. The agreement with the ARPES is best when the local approximation to the self-energy is used in the LDA?+?eDMFT method. We infer that even moderately correlated systems with partially occupied s orbitals, which were assumed to approximate the uniform electron gas, are very well described in terms of short-range dynamical correlations that are only local to an atom.